The leaders reaffirmed their “ironclad commitment” to NATO’s collective defense clause, Article 5. In recent years, Trump had sowed seeds of doubt about whether the U.S. — NATO’s most powerful member — would come to the aid of any ally under attack.

Much of the annual summit in The Hague seemed catered to the impulses and worldviews of the Republican president.

Nearly all members of the transatlantic alliance agreeing to spend 5% of their gross domestic product on defense — a priority of President Trump's for years.