In 1811, Tsar Alexander I, supposedly allied with Napoleon, refused to be part of the continental blockade of British goods any longer. Napoleon’s edict barring trade with Great Britain was ...

Blind in one eye from a battle wound, the hard-drinking veteran was contemptuous of his Austrian allies and wary of Napoleon. SOKHOLOV: He advised Alexander to wait. But Alexander found this ...

Napoleon’s army was torn and bloody; the Tsar’s army was in ruins. Alexander puzzled over what to do next. SOKHOLOV: When Alexander the First was thinking about what to do after the battle of ...

While he never officially ranked the seven commanders, Napoleon himself, along with many other historians, seemed to consider Alexander the best. "I place Alexander in the first rank," Napoleon ...

Napoleon was furious. Tsar Alexander I realized that scorched earth had been an effective strategy in whittling down the French army, but the army still needed to present a victory to the Russian ...